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Τα σαλιγκάρια ανήκουν στα μαλακόστρακα. Το μέγεθος τους κυμαίνεται ανάμεσα στα κάτω από 0.5 mm έως πάνω από 90 cm. Το σώμα ενός σαλιγκαριού αποτελείται από το κεφάλι και τον πόδα, καθώς και τον οπίσθιο σπλαχνικό σάκο, που προστατεύεται από ένα στρώμα ιστού του καλύμματος. Κύτταρα εντός του καλύμματος σχηματίζουν ένα σκληρό κέλυφος που προσομοιάζει στη βασική του δομή τα κελύφη των άλλων μαλακόστρακων και είναι συνήθως ασύμμετρα στραμμένο προς τη μία πλευρά του σώματος.

Slakken behoren tot de stam van de weekdieren. De lichaamsgrootte van slakken varieert van minder dan 0,5 mm tot meer dan 90 cm. Het lichaam van een slak bestaat uit kop en voet, alsmede de achterliggende ingewandenzak, die beschermd wordt door de weefsellaag van de mantel. De cellen in de mantel vormen een harde schelp, die qua basisstructuur lijkt op andere schelpen van weekdieren, die gewoonlijk asymmetrisch naar één kant van het lichaam is gedraaid.

Teod kuuluvad molluskite hõimu. Tigude keha suurus varieerub alla 0,5 mm kuni üle 90 cm. Teo keha koosneb peast ja jalalabast ning seljal asetsevast vistseraalsest kotist, mida kaitseb karvkatte koekiht. Karvkatte rakud moodustavad kõva kesta, mis põhistruktuurilt meenutab teisi molluskikarpe, mis on tavaliselt asümmeetriliselt ühele kehapoolele keerdunud.

Los caracoles pertenecen a la tribu de los moluscos. El tamaño del cuerpo de los caracoles varía desde menos de 0,5 mm hasta más de 90 cm. El cuerpo de un caracol consiste en la cabeza y el pie, así como el saco visceral que se encuentra en la parte posterior, que está protegido por la capa de tejido del pelaje. Las células del pelaje forman un caparazón duro, que se asemeja a otros caparazones de moluscos en la estructura básica, que generalmente está torcida asimétricamente hacia un lado del cuerpo.

Take a photo of the observation site. Make sure that other citizen scientists can easily recognize the site by including some reference objects in the picture.

You can also choose a suitable photo from your album. In this case, please adjust date and time of your observation before saving the spot.

Please estimate how much large woody debris you see on the ground five meters around you. This includes branches and trunks from about five centimeters in diameter.

The image content. Adapted from "Assessing the quality of forest fuel loading data collected using public participation methods and smartphones" by Colin J. Ferster and Nicholas C. Coops, 2014, International Journal of Wildland Fire.

Source: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/4/4/1199

Bitte schätze ab, wie viel Totholz du fünf Meter um dich herum auf dem Boden siehst. Dazu gehören Äste und Stämme ab etwa fünf Zentimeter Durchmesser.

Bildquelle: Adaptiert aus "Assessing the quality of forest fuel loading data collected using public participation methods and smartphones" von Colin J. Ferster und Nicholas C. Coops, 2014, International Journal of Wildland Fire.

Source: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/4/4/1199

Vui lòng ước lượng phần trăm mặt đất được bao phủ bởi thực vật dễ cháy trong bán kính 5 mét. Nó bao gồm cỏ, rêu, lá và cây bụi nhỏ có thể dễ dàng bắt lửa.

Hình ảnh được chuyển thể từ kết quả nghiên cứu: "Assessing the quality of forest fuel loading data collected using public participation methods and smartphones", Colin J. Ferster và Nicholas C. Coops, 2014, International Journal of Wildland Fire.

Chụp các bức ảnh tại địa điểm quan sát. Đảm bảo rằng các nhà khoa học cộng đồng khác có thể dễ dàng nhận ra địa điểm bằng cách đưa một số đối tượng tham chiếu vào hình ảnh.

Bạn cũng có thể chọn những bức ảnh phù hợp từ Bộ sưu tập ảnh trong điện thoại của mình. Trong trường hợp này, vui lòng điều chỉnh ngày giờ quan sát cho phù hợp trước khi lưu thông tin.

Gras

Krautiger Bodenbewuchs im Wald oder Offenland, auch Stauden, Farne oder Kräuter. Beinhaltet keine verholzten Teile.

Sträucher/Unterholz

Sträucher, Hecken und Jungbäume (< 2m Höhe), auch Zwergsträucher wie die Heidelbeere. In der Vegetationszeit meist belaubt, können sehr dicht sein..

Größeres Totholz

Liegende oder stehende abgestorbene Baumteile oder Äste. Entstehen durch natürliche Prozesse, die Waldnutzung oder durch Störungen (z. B. Sturm, Schneebruch, Schädlinge).

Nadel-/Laubstreu

Herabgefallene und abgestorbene Nadeln, Blätter, Zapfen und kleine Äste. Können eine zentimeterhohe Schicht am Waldboden bilden.

Moss

Grüne, dicht wachsende Landpflanze ohne Stützgewebe. Kann viel Wasser aufnehmen, aber während Dürren auch komplett austrocknen.

Smouldering fire

A smouldering fire burns slowly and without flames mainly in the humus layer posing a significant danger as it can spread unnoticed for a longer time period.

Surface fires

Surface fires burn surface litter, other loose debris of the forest floor, and small vegetation. A surface fire may burn with flames only several centimeters high, flames a few meters high or may intensify and turn into a crown fire. Depending on the wind, the spread of the fire front can reach marching speed.

Crown fires

Crown fires burn the canopy of the forest and can spread from treetop to treetop. They are the most intense type of forest fires and are often accompanied by intense surface fires. In extreme cases, the flames can be several dozen meters high and spread at running speed.

Cháy ngầm (Cháy âm ỉ)

Ngọn lửa âm ỉ cháy chậm và không có ngọn lửa, nó có thể gây rất nguy hiểm vì dễ lan rộng mà không được chú ý và thậm chí cháy dưới lòng đất trong thời gian dài.

Cháy dưới tán (Cháy ngầm)

Ngọn lửa lan tràn trên mặt đất làm đốt cháy một phần hoặc toàn bộ thảm mục, cành khô, lá rụng, cỏ khô, thảm tươi, cây bụi, cây tái sinh, gốc cây, rễ cây nổi lên trên mặt đất và ở sát mặt đất. Cháy dưới tán có thể có thể bùng lên dữ dội và biến thành cháy tán rừng.

Cháy tán rừng

Cháy tán rừng sẽ đốt cháy và lan truyền ngọn lửa trên tầng tán của rừng, từ ngọn cây này sang ngọn cây khác - còn được gọi là cháy trên ngọn. Không giống như đám cháy bề mặt lan chậm hơn, đám cháy tán rừng lan nhanh với tốc độ nhanh.

Exploring your world with Spotteron Apps in these current times is something, you can do safely. Not only is going out into the fresh air beneficial for your health, but it is also a chance to escape the current everyday routine of staying at home most of the time.

While spotting, you can easily keep your distance to others, and you can go out into the wild without being surrounded by other people on a close quarter. But you won't be alone! In the apps, you will find a community of people like you, with an adventurous spirit, who are interested in similar topics as you.

Please stay safe - always watch your steps and take care of others. Keep the physical distance and do not put yourself at risk. But also enjoy walking out into nature and discover new things with your SPOTTERON apps.

With your contributions to the apps, you not only help important projects by making observations, but you also share what you find out there with other like-minded people. Let's explore and discover your world together!

If you want to share your experiences with the current Covid-19 crisis, please check out his app:

Actively cut tree

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1), Martina Gehret (2)

Other reason

Lack of tree planting

e.g. empty tree discs, entire streets, squares without trees

Photos: Christopher Busch (1), Thomas Stephan (2)

Tilia spp.

• Height: up to 30 m
• Trunk: gray to black-brown bark, longitudinally fissured
• Leaves: heart-shaped, 3-15 cm long, angled, serrated edges (small spikes)
• Flowers: in June/July, strongly scented, insect-friendly
• Fruits/seeds: small, spherical nut fruits (approx. 5 mm) with 1 wing, stemmed
• Other: common urban tree

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (3)

Tilia platyphyllos

• Height: up to 30 m
• Trunk: gray to black-brown bark, longitudinally fissured
• Leaves: heart-shaped, 7-15 cm long, angled, serrated edges, upper side loosely hairy, with small tufts of white hair in leaf vein axils
• Buds: ovoid
• Flower: in June/July, strongly scented, insect-friendly
• Fruits/seeds: small, spherical nut fruits (approx. 5 mm) with 1 wing, stemmed
• Other: common urban tree

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2)

Quercus spp.

• Height: up to 30 m
• Trunk: gray-brown bark, longitudinally fissured, ribbed
• Leaves: clearly lobed, 6-17 cm long 
• Buds: Light brown buds clustered at the end of the branch
• Fruit/seed: ovoid with a fruit cup

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (2,3)

Quercus petraea

• Height: up to 30 m
• Trunk: only branched at the top, grey-brown bark, longitudinally fissured, deeply furrowed
• Leaves: clearly lobed, 6-17 cm long, with tufts of hair on the underside, with long petioles (2-5 cm), small ears at the base of the leaves
• Buds: light brown, clustered at the end of the branch
• Fruits/seeds: ovoid fruits with small fruit cups on short stalks, clustered in groups
• Other: very gnarled appearance with age

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2)

Quercus cerris

• Height: up to 30 m
• Trunk: dark grey, longitudinally fissured bark
• Leaves: elongated elliptical, deeply lobed in variegated shapes, shiny dark green
• Buds: surrounded by thread-like stipules (approx. 2 cm long)
• Flowers: yellow catkins in April, bee-friendly
• Fruits/seeds: ovoid fruits with spiky fruit cups, clustered in groups 

Photos: Dorit Zimmermann (1,2,3,4,5)

Robinia pseudoacacia

• Height: up to 25 m
• Trunk: deeply longitudinally fissured, gray to dark brown bark
• Leaves: pinnate, alternate leaves with smooth edges, 20-30 cm long, with stipules
• Flowers: striking white butterfly flowers hanging down in clusters, strongly scented, insect-friendly
• Fruits/seeds: 5-10 cm long pods, remain on tree for a long time
• Other: common urban tree, nitrogen-enriching 

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,3)

Betula pendula

• Height: up to 20 m
• Trunk: strikingly white (betulin), smooth bark, cracking and darkening with age
• Leaves: diamond-shaped to triangular, 4-7 cm long, hairless
• Fruits/seeds: 2-3 cm long catkins
• Other: overhanging branches, covered with small cork warts 

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (3)

Carpinus betulus

• Height: up to 20 m
• Trunk: smooth bark, often deeply furrowed with age, twisted growth
• Leaves: ribbed surface, double serrated at the leaf edge (large and small serrations)
• Buds: fawn-brown with light-coloured edges on the individual bud sheds
• Fruits/seeds: conspicuous seed clusters
• Other: very tolerant to pruning, therefore also found as a hedge or topiary 

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1), Thomas Stephan (2), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (3)

Populus spp.

• Height: up to 30 m
• Stem: grey, dark bark
• Leaves: mostly heart-shaped or triangular with long petioles
• Flowers: drooping catkins
• Fruits/seeds: Capsules containing many small, hairy seeds (wind dispersal)
• Other: fast-growing deciduous tree that belongs to the willow family

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,3), Martina Gehret (4)

Populus x canadensis

• Height: up to 30 m, fast-growing
• Trunk: grey bark
• Crown: forms widely spreading crowns
• Leaves: triangular to rhombic, 7-10 cm long, serrated margins, flattened, reddish petiole
• Flowers: long catkins in March/April before leaves emerge
• Other: hybrid of Populus nigra and Populus deltoides

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,3)

Populus tremula

• Height: up to 20 m, exceptions up to 30 m
• Trunk: narrow, often slightly twisted, grey bark with horizontal stripes
• Crown: Loose, roundish, broadly spreading
• Leaves: round to heart-shaped, toothed edges, long laterally flattened petioles that cause the characteristic ‘trembling’ of the leaves in a light wind
• Flowers: reddish (male) or greenish (female) catkins in March/April before the leaves emerge
• Fruits/seeds: capsules containing many small, hairy seeds (wind dispersal) 

Photos: Wolfgang Schödel (1,2,3)

Ulmus spp.

• Height: up to 30 m
• Trunk: deeply furrowed bark
• Leaves: obovate to elliptical, with clear asymmetrical leaf base on stem, more or less hairy, serrated leaf margin, rustling
• Fruits/seeds: round to ovoid, resembling wafer-thin leaflets with a seed in the centre, in clusters
• Other: rare tree species, 3 species in Germany that are difficult to distinguish

Photos: Martina Gehret (1,2,3,4), Wolfgang Schödel (5,6)

Acer spp.

• Height: many types of maple trees, from shrubs to large trees
• Trunk: bark varied (smooth to longitudinally fissured to scaly)
• Leaves: usually 3-5 lobed, palmate, from 5-20 cm in size, opposed leaves
• Fruits/seeds: Fruits with fruit wings (‘nose pincher’) for wind dispersal
• Other: 3 native maple species and countless species globally

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (2)

Acer platanoides

• Height: up to 20 m
• Trunk: bark longitudinally fissured, dark brown to blackish
• Leaves: 5-lobed with distinct tips, 12-18 cm wide, with milky sap
• Buds: green buds
• Flowers: yellow-green, clustered flowers in April/May before leaves emerge
• Fruits/seeds: Fruits with right-angeled fruit wings (‘nose pincher’) for wind dispersal (approx. 3 cm) 

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,3), Wolfgang Schödel (4)

White willow

• Height: up to 25 m
• Trunk: grey bark, deeply longitudinally fissured with broad ribs
• Leaves: 4-12 cm long, lanceolate, pointed, alternate
• Flowers: catkins
• Fruits/seeds: wind dispersal of white fluffed seeds in big clusters

Fotos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,3)

Salix spp.

• Height: depending on the species, shrub-like to larger tree
• Trunk: fast-growing, often hollow inside
• Leaves: elliptical to lanceolate, pointed, alternate
• Flowers: catkin-shaped
• Other: 300 to 400 species worldwide, around 30 to 40 different willow species in Germany, usually with strong elasticity of the branches

Photos: Martina Gehret (1,2)

Prunus spp.

• Height: up to 20 m depending on species, exceptions up to 30 m
• Trunk: flat-cracked bark, partly shiny, lenticels form clearly horizontal structures
• Crown: often broadly spreaded
• Leaves: elongated ovate to elliptical, 7-12 cm long, pointed
• Flowers: beautiful white flowers in April/Mai, in 2 to 3-flowered umbels
• Fruits/seeds: cultivated cherry with aromatic, red to black-red drupes 

Photos: Heide Frobel (1,2), Janina Deutschmann (3,4), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (5,6)

Pyrus spp.

• Height: up to 15 m, exceptions up to 20 m
• Trunk: dark brown shedding bark
• Crown: narrow or broadly conical
• Leaves: ovate to elliptical, 5-9 cm long, serrated to smooth-edged
• Flowers: white to pink, approx. 3 cm wide, 3 to 9-flowered umbels, in April/May
• Fruits/seeds: edible fruit, mostly greenish to yellow
• Other: Around 1,500 to 5,000 varieties worldwide, of which only around 10 are commercially available 

Photos: Tobias Erras (1), Wolfgang Schödel (2,3)

Gleditsia triacanthos

• Height: up to 25 m
• Trunk: longitudinally fissured, detaching in elongated plates, with distinct tufted thorns
• Leaves: simple or doubly pinnate with 14-28 elliptically shaped small leafs
• Fruits/seeds: 12-40 cm long, leathery, strap-shaped, wavy-twisted legumes containing about 25 seeds
• Other: usually thorny on trunk and branches 

Photos: Dorit Zimmermann (1,2,3), Viola auf Pixabay (4), Annette Meyer auf Pixabay (5)

Styphnolobium japonicum

• Height: up to 15-20 m
• Trunk: longitudinally cracked bark
• Crown: round, heartshaped to oval, broadly spreading with age
• Leaves: oval, imparipinnate leaves
• Flowers: fragrant, white flowers in large, loose panicles, rich in nectar, insect-friendly
• Fruits/seeds: pearl-like pods (approx. 8 cm) with black-brown seeds
• Other: almost all parts of the plant (except flowers) are poisonous

Photos: Martina Gehret (1), Janina Deutschmann (2)

Ailanthus altissima

• Height: up to 25 m, fast-growing
• Trunk: often multi-stemmed, upright, smooth, grey-brown, slightly fissured bark
• Crown: broad, spreading
• Leaves: imparipinnate, petiolate leaves, 40-90 cm long, leaflets with marginal glands (nectaries)
• Flowers: green, inconspicuous, panicle-shaped flower, June to August, nectar-rich, insect-friendly
• Fruits/seeds: yellowish-red nut fruits, broadly winged (wind dispersal), often remain on tree for a long time

 Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (3,4)

Picea abies

• Height: medium to tall tree, up to 40 m
• Trunk: young trees reddish-brown, cracking scaly with grey tones when old, often greenish on weather side
• Leaves: pointed needles 4-edged with stomata on all sides or flat with stomata downwards, fused to the twig at the base
• Fruits/seeds: Elongated, cylindrical cones, initially protruding, later drooping, seeds with spoon-like wings

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (3)

Pinus spp.

• Height: depending on species up to 30 m, exceptions up to 50 m
• Trunk: rarely shrub-like, longitudinally fissured and scaly
• Crown: conical, later usually loosened
• Leaves: 2-5 needles per sheath on short shoots, very thin, pointed
• Fruits/seeds: ovoid or conical cones 

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,3), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (4)

Pinus sylvestris

• Height: 20-30 m
• Trunk: bark initially fox-red, later dark brown, flat scaly bark
• Crown: initially conical, later usually umbrella-shaped
• Leaves: 2 needles per sheath, 3-7 cm long, 1.5-2 mm thick, usually twisted
• Fruits/seeds: ovoid to conical cones, 3-8 cm long, up to 3.5 cm thick

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,3), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (4)

Cupressaceae

• Height: up to 30 m depending on species
• Trunk: fibrous, thin bark, clearly longitudinally fissured with age, peeling off in strips
• Crown: usually dense, conical to columnar
• Leaves: scale-like, usually small, very dense
• Fruits/seeds: small, spherical to ovoid cones, woody, initially compact, later gaping
• Other: Very tolerant to pruning, therefore also found as a hedge or topiary 

Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,4), Martina Gehret (3,5)