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Pinus spp.
- Height: depending on species up to 30 m, exceptions up to 50 m
- Trunk: rarely shrub-like, longitudinally fissured and scaly
- Crown: conical, later usually loosened
- Leaves: 2-5 needles per sheath on short shoots, very thin, pointed
- Fruits/seeds: ovoid or conical cones
Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,3), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (4)
Pinus nigra
- Height: up to 30 m
- Trunk: brownish-grey and scaly bark when young, large scaly bark with age
- Crown: initially conical, later broader and looser
- Leaves: 2 needles in a sheath, 8-16 cm long, stiff, straight or curved, sometimes twisted
- Fruits/seeds: ovoid cones 4-10 cm long, up to 3 cm thick, 5-7 mm long, winged seeds
Photos: Martina Gehret (1,2)
Pinus sylvestris
- Height: 20-30 m
- Trunk: bark initially fox-red, later dark brown, flat scaly bark
- Crown: initially conical, later usually umbrella-shaped
- Leaves: 2 needles per sheath, 3-7 cm long, 1.5-2 mm thick, usually twisted
- Fruits/seeds: ovoid to conical cones, 3-8 cm long, up to 3.5 cm thick
Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,3), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (4)
Taxus baccata
- Height: mostly small tree or shrub, up to 15 m
- Trunk: initially smooth and reddish-brown bark, flaking in broad thin plates with age, already branched at the base
- Leaves: Needles arranged in a spiral, often parted on side branches, soft needles with a midrib on the underside
- Fruits/seeds: Berry-like seed coat (aril), bright scarlet red, slightly frosted
- Other: very tolerant to pruning, therefore also found as a hedge or topiary
Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1), Martina Gehret (2), Kerstin Ellersdorfer (3,4)
Cupressaceae
- Height: up to 30 m depending on species
- Trunk: fibrous, thin bark, clearly longitudinally fissured with age, peeling off in strips
- Crown: usually dense, conical to columnar
- Leaves: scale-like, usually small, very dense
- Fruits/seeds: small, spherical to ovoid cones, woody, initially compact, later gaping
- Other: Very tolerant to pruning, therefore also found as a hedge or topiary
Photos: Janina Deutschmann (1,2,4), Martina Gehret (3,5)
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